Faith and Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Faith and Knowledge - Essay Example Deduction, induction, and abduction in relation to reason in the works of Charles Sanders Peirce are also valid in relation to faith. Gdel's Incompleteness Theorems and Ontological Proof of the Existence of God are also valid when it comes to understand the limitations and shortcomings of both reason and faith. At the end of the road we find the unconditional love of God, and this knowledge springs out of the inner being of faith. The most important point that we ought to keep in mind is the fact that faith and reason are two sides of the same coin. In the same way in which reason is a source of knowledge, faith has also a gnoseological component in the very core of its essence. In the next passage we can assume that Dr. Chong Ho Yu (1994) -when referring to Peirce's concepts- was speaking about faith instead of reason, and the resulting assertions would be completely valid in the realm of faith. Let's see: "The philosophical notions introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) are helpful for researchers in understanding the nature of knowledge and reality. In Peircean logical system, the logic of abduction and deduction contribute to our conceptual understanding of a phenomenon, while the logic of induction adds quantitative details to our conceptual knowledge. Although Peirce justified the validity of induction as a self-corrective process, he asserted that neither induction nor deduction can help us to unveil the internal structure of meaning. As exploratory data analysis performs the function as a model builder for confirmatory data analysis, abduction plays a role of explorer of viable paths to further inquiry. Thus, the logic of abduction fits well into exploratory data analysis. At the stage of abduction, the goal is to explore the data, find a pattern, and suggest a plausible hypothesis; deduction is to refine the hypothesis based upon other plausible premises; and inducti on is the empirical substantiation." (Yu, 1994). Deduction, induction, and abduction are three interdependent facets of the same process of reasoning according to the insight of Charles Sanders Peirce. Those three elements give shape to faith too. Abduction is a form of guessing, and when we speak of "blind faith" we are indeed referring to the abductive aspect of faith. When we take a look at the Universe, and out its evident majesty we recognise the existence of God, we are using the deductive aspect of faith. In the same way, when we wake up any morning to go to work once again having faith in the idea that everything will work out right during the next 24-hour period, then we are exercising the inductive aspect of faith. And the process of living full of faith every second of our lives has a gnoseological content that makes us be better knowers in our experience of everyday relying and trusting, growing in faith. It doesn't matter if that faith is religious or secular. Faith is faith without any regards of the labels we put on it. As proof of the fact that faith and reason work together in the realm of knowledge, we can clearly see how faith and reason go hand in hand in the following passages from the Bible. Let's see: "Now faith is an assumption of what is being expected, a conviction concerning matters which are not

Integration Theory And Policy Development In The EU Essay

Integration Theory And Policy Development In The EU - Essay Example The EU ozone policy grew from scientific research conducted on the ozone layer in the 70’s which showed that industrial pollutants including those produced by certain home appliances and household sprays were having great and far-reaching effects on the ozone layer surrounding the Earth. To minimize potential hazards and set international standards, the EU together with its executive body the European Commission partook in the framing of multilateral environmental agreements. Since the EU was the biggest exporter of CFC’s due to surplus production, its involvement in developing an ozone policy was crucial. However, the EU is dependent on the effectiveness of the EC and the subsequent participation of the member states into agreeing with the policy. In implementing this EU policy, the two grand theories of integration, neo-functionalism, and intergovernmental work in different ways. One of the earliest policies that illustrated the theory of neo-functionalism was the Com mon Agricultural Policy in the 1960s (Lindberg 1963). A neo-functionalistic approach uses the technical and scientific knowledge of ozone depletion data and the substances causing the effect, to allow technocrats in the EC to draw out schemes that curtail or eliminate the use of ozone depletion substances (ODS). Integration using the neo-functionalistic method permits a sharing of scientific knowledge among similar sectors in the various member states, enabling manufacturing and technology companies in those states to implement a common strategy.... Integration also causes a natural spill over of knowledge and activities into other associated sectors (EPSnet). A functional-spill over occurs when certain processes are functionally connected to each other due to the intermeshing of the economy (Lindberg and Scheingold 1970: 117). The common goal of eliminating ODS needs no mandate and thus the populace of the EU is left out. The formation and implementation of an agreement relating to regional issues compels the various states to adopt the common policy (Schmitter 1969). A few public interest and environmental groups may be involved in the process and together a common strategy may be formulated but by and large the institutions of the EU are on their own in the decision making process. The problem that may arise is when a state is slow to implement the policy thus stalling the integration process. On the other hand, an intergovernmental approach would elevate discretionary powers of the EU member states rather than the supranational institutions. Since the states themselves remain the principal arbiters of integration, they possess decision making powers as to whether or not the EU ozone policy should be implemented locally. Here too more powers rest with the national executives of the states and their advisory boards. Their decision to accept or reject the EU ozone policy can override the power of the supranational institutions of the EU such as the European Commission. The consequence is that unequal implementation in the entire EU with some states applying the ozone policy while others rejecting it or delaying its implementation. With the intergovernmental approach the main issue of ozone depletion is never truly addressed by common consensus. Various

History Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Philosophy Essay

History Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Philosophy Essay Humanization responds to a necessity to complement the extremes that converge in the nature of the human being, by which the process of achieving a balance in life can be realized as these extremes shorten its distance and be able to assimilate and associate within the condition of being human. In the epic of Gilgamesh, this is how this complementarity is set between the relationship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu, beings of opposite natures. They will find their human condition under the direct influence that one have over the other. In the vast path they will manage to perform great tasks and adventures, which will further enhance their ties of friendship and loyalty. On one hand, Gilgamesh, King of Uruk, was shown to be a haughty, tyrant and an arrogant character. He is son of Lugulbanda, king of the first dynasty of Uruk and his mother Ninsun, who was a minor goddess. The gods created him with a perfect body. The bigger part of him was made in heaven and the smaller part somewhere on earth. (Jackson 21) The almost divine sublimity of Gilgamesh makes him not be considered human, and in his mind he does not consider the idea of death as a real possibility as for the rest of the human beings. What magnifies his tyranny and arrogance makes him be feared among the people of Uruk. On the other hand, Enkidu, created by Aruru to be the counterpart of Gilgamesh, was born as an animal. He grew up in the woods, raised by nature with a wild personality. He did not know of people and lived with gazelles. Enkidu, the boy who walked on mountains, who eats the food of the beasts and, like the beasts, comes down at will to drink from the watery hole (Jackson 23). Enkidu was seduced by a prostitute named Shamhat and this being his rite of humanization. She let him see what a force a girl can have, and he stayed with her scented bush for seven nights (Jackson 23). The friends he has from on wild will exile him if he presses his person (Jackson 23). Due to this fact, Enkidu starts to build awareness and reason, so he finally acquires the courage to go in search of Gilgamesh. The prostitute said to him Please come with me and be my love at the immaculate domicile and there we will see Gilgamesh, the powerful (Jackson 24). The closer these poles, the greater the possibility is of creating a balance between them. I pray for fortune and for fate to send me such a one that I may have a friend whos as kind and patient as a brother.(Jackson 26). He manages to lose his arrogance and a process of humanization begins that makes him leave behind his tyranny. That is why Gilgamesh forges ties of friendship with Enkidu. Enkidu and Gilgamesh joined in sacred friendship and sealed their solemn bond with a noble kiss. (Jackson 28). Both showing different types of forces complement what they represent and go humanizing constantly to each other. Enkidu worries about how he will die; being as a wild animal when raised in the woods he never had thought about the real meaning that death could have. Moreover, for Gilgamesh, the death of his friend Enkidu marks a turning point in his life. From there one, he achieved assuming his human condition, and therefore mortal. Two systems can be found between the world that is ours, imperfect, and the divine world. The imperfect world is the world of Gilgamesh in which there is suffering. The Divine world where Enkidu comes from is a world where there is no suffering, where there is immortality. The story is based on tragedy as the two protagonists break the rules established by the gods. Aristotle stated that the person who does not dwell within the human limits is either a beast or a God. He defined the limits of the human field with divinity in one end and animal nature in the other. The Gods differ from humans by their immortality, for these beings, death is something impossible. On the other hand, the animals lack the awareness of death and it is something unthinkable. Against these impossible and unthinkable aspects man is aware of his death. This awareness is what marks the limit of the human, the divine and the animal. Taking it to the case of Gilgamesh, believed that being a demigod he was immortal. For him it was impossible, but to witness the death of his friend Enkidu. He realizes death and led him to consider the subject of death and above all to fear it. For Enkidu, being in a primitive and animal state he was not aware of death. His state of irrationality was not able to understand that one day he will die. The death of Enkidu is the destination to which he must return, because he is the god of the underworld. His destiny was to return to the chaos. On the death of Enkidu, Gilgamesh does not support the idea of being without his beloved friend and much less the idea of dying, but failing in his attempts to attain immortality, accepts resigned and becomes a wise man and returned to his life of ruling in Uruk. Gilgamesh undertake a tireless search to achieve immortality; in the same way as other mortal have done it, the distant Utnapishtim found it through the gods. Ive come to ask directions to Utnapishtim, who lives so free beyond deaths deep, deep lake. Where can he be?(Jackson 52). During his voyage, disappointment and discouragement take over him and makes him a man consumed by sadness. God, has your heart forgotten me? (Jackson 61). The characters are relatively free because when they go to some of their adventures, specifically when hunting Humbaba, is it totally their decision to let the monster live or kill him. The uncertainty and fear they had to face when fighting Humbaba against his strength and armor. Even with the protection of the god Shamash, weapons, intelligence and physical power there was no guarantee that they came out victorious in the battle. Though Shamash intervened for us, saying we had slain Humbaba and the bull with his consent (Jackson 39). At the end when the snake steals the plant of youth, it was not a plan of the gods but simply an event of bad fortune. Gilgamesh is the representation of the essence of the man, since it has strengths, fears, ambitions and flaws that every human being has. During the story, powerful emotions, such as love that Gilgamesh and Enkidu felt in their friendship, the pain of a loss in the hands of death, and the revenge of the gods to see the glorious tasks of the two friends. I greatly love my friend who was always there for me. I loved Enkidu who was always there for me.(Jackson 50) The desperation of Gilgamesh to reach immortality, which for him was something unattainable, and the fear of death can also be noticed. Finally the comfort that feels Gilgamesh arriving at his beloved city understanding the issues that have been big concerns in the history of human evolution, these being the meaning of life, the fear of death, and the search for immortality. The instincts of Gilgamesh and Enkidu lead us to a state of balance between the natural and the divine. This state can be found between the supreme and the animal and every human being has it. Gilgamesh lowers his attitudes of demigod and tyrant, becoming a being fearful, passionate, and filled with human feelings. Furthermore, Enkidu goes from an irrational position to a rational and emotional one. The two characters need each other, because they would never have reached the stage of humanization without the complementation of both.

Depression Essay -- essays research papers

Clinical depression is one of many mental disorders affecting 1 in 10 Americans today. This disorder is characterized by ongoing feelings of sadness and despair which leads to anxiety, agitation, feelings of emptiness, and loss of self-worth. Following these initial symptoms are possible weight loss or gain, insomnia, lack of energy, unusual indecisiveness, and even suicidal thoughts or attempts. There are many possible causes of major depression; however, very often the disease strikes without any triggering cause which leads to a great deal of frustration by the affected person and his or her loved ones. Fortunately, scientists have narrowed the list to three major causes: a first depressive episode caused by a traumatic event, a biochemical disorder, or an inherited disorder. Depression can result from an emotionally or physically stressful incident. This has been termed by psychologists as first depressive episode. Possible causes include the death of a loved one, an abortion or miscarriage, a move to a new home or job, the end of an important relationship, financial problems, a chronic illness, or any other traumatic event. For many people, these incidents produce a mild to moderate case of the blues. They feel "down" for a while, but they are able to continue functioning and performing everyday tasks. Although these people may experience the chemical imbalance that is the hallmark of depression, the brain abnormality typically ...

William Golding – Lord of the Flies

How does the novel reflect the concerns of the author and the time it was written? William Golding was an English author, actor and school teacher. He was born in 1911 and lived until he was 82 years old. During his life, Golding experienced 2 world wars. These world wars shaped the way he viewed the world, especially WWII as he was part of the destruction of German ships on D-Day. These experiences were a big reason why Golding chose to become an author.Golding wrote many books but one book really showcased his thoughts and feelings about humans and how cruel they truly can be. This book is of course is Lord of the Flies, which was published in 1954 at a time where the world feared of a nuclear war. For those of you who don’t know the book, Lord of the Flies is a book about a group of young schoolboys, who are stuck on an island and in a time of chaos and fear, turn to savagery, resulting in horrific actions and behaviours. These behaviours and actions are written with such d etail that it makes the action even more horrific.For example in chapter 11 one of the boys, Roger, pushes a boulder off the edge which results in the death of one of the boys, Piggy, it reads, â€Å"His head opened and stuff came out and turned red. Piggy’s arms and legs twitched a bit, like a pig’s after it has been killed. † Golding says in an article, ‘What turns children into savages’ that he includes descriptions like these to get the reader thinking about how cruel humans can really act towards one another and how it can hurt innocent people.I mentioned before that the book showcases the cruelty of humans; however it also has links to the horrific actions that occurred in WWII. For example in the book the boys use a chant when they are hunting, â€Å"Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in! † This quote relates to WWII as there were a lot of unnecessary actions done to people, especially Jews. For example in the concent ration camps, Jews were tortured even though they were going to be killed anyway.In Lord of the Flies the pigs are the Jews as they are being killed and then tortured or this case bashed in. Another example is one of the boys, Jack. He constantly singles out and bullies Piggy because of his appearance, as he is fat, has asthma and wears glasses. These features make Piggy different compared to the other boys. For example in chapter 4 it reads, â€Å"Jack smacked Piggy’s head. Piggy’s glasses flew off and tinkled on the rocks†. From these actions we can see that Jack shows some resemblance to Hitler as he killed Jews because they were different.In conclusion William Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies reflects his concerns of human cruelty as well as his own experiences and views on WWII. Thank you! William Golding was an English author, actor and school teacher. He was born in 1911 and lived until he was 82 years old. During his life, Golding experienced 2 world wars. These world wars shaped the way he viewed the world, especially WWII as he was part of the destruction of German ships on D-Day. | These experiences were a big reason why Golding chose to become an author.Golding wrote many books but one book really showcased his thoughts and feelings about humans and how cruel they truly can be. This book is of course is Lord of the Flies, which was published in 1954 at a time where the world feared of a nuclear war. | For those of you who don’t know the book, Lord of the Flies is a book about a group of young schoolboys, who are stuck on an island and in a time of chaos and fear, turn to savagery, resulting in horrific actions and behaviours. These behaviours and actions are written with such detail that it makes the action even more horrific. For example in chapter 11 one of the boys, Roger, pushes a boulder off the edge which results in the death of one of the boys, Piggy, it reads, â€Å"His head opened and stuff came out an d turned red. Piggy’s arms and legs twitched a bit, like a pig’s after it has been killed. †| Golding says in an article, ‘What turns children into savages’ that he includes descriptions like these to get the reader thinking about how cruel humans can really act towards one another and how it can hurt innocent people.I mentioned before that the book showcases the cruelty of humans; however it also has links to the horrific actions that occurred in WWII| . For example in the book the boys use a chant when they are hunting, â€Å"Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in! † This quote relates to WWII as there were a lot of unnecessary actions done to people, especially Jews. For example in the concentration camps, Jews were tortured even though they were going to be killed anyway. | In Lord of the Flies the pigs are the Jews as they are being killed and then tortured or this case bashed in.Another example is one of the boys, Jack. He constantly singles out and bullies Piggy because of his appearance, as he is fat, has asthma and wears glasses. These features make Piggy different compared to the other boys. | For example in chapter 4 it reads, â€Å"Jack smacked Piggy’s head. Piggy’s glasses flew off and tinkled on the rocks†. From these actions we can see that Jack shows some resemblance to Hitler as he killed Jews because they were different. In conclusion William Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies reflects his concerns of human cruelty as well as his own experiences and views on WWII. Thank you! |

Road to Dreams

Life has always been about making choices. We are brought to a realization that the choices we make in life would either make or break us. The past year has been an adventure for me.I was able to experience new and exciting things that were beneficial in my growth and maturity as an individual. For the past few years, I became interested in rendering service to my community. Children became my weakness, and I paid close attention to children who did not have much in life.As a weakness, I deal with children who have special needs. I make sure that I give these children a memorable time, especially for those who are terminally ill. This is the same service that I offer the elderly, so that I may give them a comfortable life. These are some of the experiences that inspire me to become better with my craft and make a difference. The different experiences and the difference I could make with my passion for children would definitely help improve the quality of service that would be given t o Christ Hospital College Community.I started working and interacting with children a few years ago. Equipped with an open mind and eagerness to succeed, I embarked on my quest to fulfill these challenges. For each case that I encountered, I made sure that I was prepared to become the best individual that I can be. My exposure to the children made me realize that there was more to life than just heartaches.Our close encounter with each other made us appreciate the little things that life had to offer. In their own little way, these children showed me the importance of life, and how important it is to have a strong will in life. Such characteristics were necessary in order to become successful in life.Our Wednesdays were spent in the sensory room, where we would take the time and effort to sit on an exercise ball. This may sound easy for many, but for these kids who are feeling weak physically, this is much effort. A goal was set for each week, and together, we would try and reach th ose goals. We were fortunate enough to have them accomplished, making us a step closer to our goals. I noticed that these kids were willing to give their best in order to improve themselves and feel better.I was once given the opportunity to go on a trip to Give Kids the World Village in Disney World. The foundation granted the wishes of children who had life threatening diseases.I have achieved a strong work ethic while spending time with these children they helped me reach a personal experience that I will always keep with me. I was scared at first, for I could not imagine risking the children experience relapses. For every ride that we went to, I saw the genuine happiness from these kids that I have never seen before. I became more opened to the realities that life had to offer. Being involved in the medical field became more than just a dream – it was a passion that I wanted to continue as I grew older.Working with adults never became a hindrance from my end. In fact, I b ecame more determined than ever to indulge into the said field, where I believe I can accomplish my hopes and dreams. In addition to this, I had numerous experiences that would come as an advantage to my career. These could be employed as my backbone, especially when dealing with different kinds of people.My goals in life do not end after college. I would continue to promote good health and care for people around me, as I age and mature. In addition to this, I would keep myself updated with medical advancements, so that I may be able to apply these in my profession.Furthermore, I believe that I have what it takes to become successful in this field. Aside from my dedication and commitment to this field, I also have the heart those who are in need. I believe that this is my greatest strength in becoming an effective member of the health care team.   Life is indeed filled with different choices, and this was one I took to reach the road towards   my dreams   

Neolithic Revolution essays

Neolithic Revolution essays The Neolithic revolution, also known as the agricultural revolution, was a change in the way of life of our ancestors. This period was a full transition from a food gathering to a food producing society. It took place about eight thousand years ago among various tribes in Asia and the Middle East. It included a transition from foraging and hunting to the domestication of animals (mostly the dog) and to farming. Tribes settled in fertile areas and formed agricultural communities many of which grew into villages and cities. This relatively stable way of life and the more reliable food supply and surplus led to the development of new professions, to labor specialization and ultimately to the stratification of these societies. Improved conditions of life led to somewhat longer life spans. Nevertheless population growth remained low due to high infant mortality rates. The social impact of the Neolithic revolution was not as much on immediate population growth, even though it did have a long-term impact on population growth, as on the material and spiritual development of the human race. It is widely regarded as the beginning of civilization. Attempts to control environment in order to produce more food brought about the idea of people working and socializing together as a society. More social changes were brought about in the creation of larger and more complex settlements. This showed people that in order to thrive in their society, they were going to need to expand and explore further possibilities of how to make their lives more advanced. This led into the innovations of agriculture, which were first formed in Shandidar, what is now known today as Palestine. Following the changes of agriculture came the invention of pottery and sun-dried bricks. This made it possible for the people to make art and build more developed housing quarters. Finally came the invention of writing and the invention of the wheel ...

How to Fill Out a Check, Step by Step

How to Fill Out a Check, Step by Step SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Between online bill pay and money-transferring apps like Venmo, many of us don’t fill out checks very often. On the occasion that we do need to write one, like to pay rent, take care of a bill, or send a birthday gift to a relative, we might find ourselves feeling uncertain about whether we’re doing it right. This guide will tell you everything you need to know about how to fill out a check. To start, let’s get up close and personal with this small but mighty piece of paper. Anatomy of a Check: Full Diagram Did you know that a check has your bank account number on it? Or that each check has its own number that shows up not once, but twice? Did you ever notice that official checks have a tiny image of a padlock to show they’re certified by the almighty Check Payment Systems Association? Check out this diagram of a personal check to take a close look at everything on it. This particular check belongs to Archibald Squiggles of Splitsville, Indiana. Sam Lindsay for PrepScholar/All rights reserved. As you can see, your checks will show your name and address, bank account and routing number, and a check number. They also may feature the name of your bank. Using this diagram for reference, let’s look at everything you need to do to fill out a check. How to Fill Out a Check First off, you should fill out your check in pen. You could use a pencil, technically, but then your writing could get smudged or, worse, an unsavory character could come along, erase what you wrote, and change it to something else! Pen is more secure and official, especially when a signature is required. When you’re writing a check, you just need a few pieces of information: Name of the recipient, whether it’s an individual or a company Amount of money you’re writing the check for The date you want the recipient to cash the check You’ll also need to know how to write out the amount of money in words, a task that most of us rarely do outside of the context of writing checks. You’ll find some more tips on how to do this below. Once you have all of this information, you’ll find that writing the check is easy. There are five required pieces of information, plus an optional sixth. You can add these five (or six) pieces of information in any order, as long as you fill them all out in the end. For the purposes of this guide, the steps for how to write a check are presented in the order that they appear on the check from top to bottom and left to right, starting with the date. Many of us write checks every month to a landlord or realty management company. Step 1: Write the Date First, you should write the date on its designated line near the top right corner. Put the date on which the recipient can first cash the check. That might be the current date, or a date in the future. For instance, if you’re writing a check for December, 2016 rent, then you might put the date as December 1, 2016. This means that you want the recipient to cash the check on or after December 1, but not before. You can write the date in long form or in the format MM/DD/YYYY. For instance, using the example above, you could write July 1, 2016 or 07/01/2016 (leaving out the zeros and writing 7/1/2016 is fine, too). If you’re writing a longer month, like November, you can also abbreviate it, e.g. Nov. 1, 2016. In the example below, Loretta Checkworth has started writing a check to pay back Archibald Squiggles. She’s writing the check in late September, but dates it as October 1, 2016. Since she and Archibald Squiggles are close friends, he doesn’t mind waiting a week to cash it until Loretta’s sure she has the funds in her account. You’ll notice that Loretta has redacted her home address and bank account number. She knows better than to share personal information with strangers on the internet. Like Loretta, you can date a check in the future if you want the recipient to wait to cash it. If you have insufficient funds in your account until that date, you should also pass the message along to the recipient to wait to deposit the check until the stated date. You could date your check for way in the future, but who knows if we’ll even still be using checks by then. Maybe we’ll pay for everything in flowers to our robot overlords. Step 2: Name the Recipient After you write the date, fill in the name of the recipient. If you’re writing a check to a person, then write his/her first and last name. Loretta writes out Archibald's full name, as you can see on the check below. If you’re sending money to a company, write the full name of the company (e.g., Acropolis Realty, Inc.). You can also write â€Å"cash† as the recipient. Writing cash means that anyone can cash the check. It’s usually not recommended, for security reasons. Step 3: Fill in the Numerical Amount of Money In the payment box, write out the amount of money. Since the dollar sign should already be outside the box, you don’t need to repeat it. Just write the numbers. Include the cents, even if the amount of cents is zero. For instance, five dollars should be written as 5.00, rather than just 5. It is possible to write a check for less than a dollar. In that case, include the zero before the decimal point. An amount of 75 cents, for instance, would be written as 0.75. Loretta owes $150.99 to Archibald, which she indicates in the payment box below. Since the dollar sign is already outside the box, Loretta doesn't write it again when writing a check. Just the numbers, "150.99" are fine. This piggy bank just learned you can write checks for amounts less than a dollar and is rightfully alarmed. Step 4: Write Out the Amount of Money in Words Now comes the slightly less usual task. In addition to writing the numerical amount of money, you also need to write out the amount in words. You’ll write out the dollars in words and the cents in words or as a fraction out of 100. For instance, an amount of $5.00 could be written as â€Å"Five dollars and zero cents† or â€Å"Five dollars and 00/100.† Writing the cents as a fraction is more common because it saves room on a relatively short line. When there’s no change, you can also follow the amount in dollars with the word â€Å"even.† In this example, your third option would be to write, â€Å"Five dollars even.† If you’re writing a compound number between 20 and 100, you should include a hyphen. For example, $21 becomes â€Å"Twenty-one dollars† and $49 becomes â€Å"Forty-nine dollars.† If you’re writing an amount less than a dollar, then you could write out the cents in one of two ways. You could write â€Å"zero dollars and† followed by the fraction, or write the amount out in words preceded by the word â€Å"only.† For example, 50 cents would become â€Å"zero dollars and 50/100† or â€Å"Only fifty cents.† Using these rules, let’s look at a few more examples of how to write out numerical amounts of money in words. Example 1: $10.00 Ten dollars and 00/100 OR Ten dollars and zero cents OR Ten dollars even Example 2: $39.99 Thirty-nine dollars and 99/100 OR Thirty-nine dollars and ninety-nine cents Example 3: $0.75 Zero dollars and 75/100 OR Only seventy-five cents Example 4: $1,789.74 One thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine dollars and 74/100 As you can see, the fourth example only writes the cents as a fraction. While you technically can write out the change in words, you probably wouldn’t have space on the line with such a large number. You could also add clarifying commas when writing out big numbers, although you don’t have to. If you’re running into trouble writing out the numerical value in words, you can also enlist the help of a website, like Calculator Soup. It converts numerical currency values into words. It’s best to make sure you know how to write everything out before you start filling out the check, so you don’t waste a check. Before filling out your check, you can use another piece of paper for some check writing practice. You also want to make sure to write small enough so you can fit the amount all on one line. Loretta is used to writing checks, so she went ahead and wrote â€Å"One hundred fifty dollars and 99/100s† on her personal check in the correct check writing format without a practice run first. Loretta also added a dash after the amount to indicate that nothing should come after. You can include a line like this to safeguard your check and make sure no one can add any additional numbers. Personal checks, where words and numbers collide. Step 5: Add an Optional Memo See the memo line near the bottom left-hand corner on the diagram of the check? Filling out this line is optional. You can write a word or two as a note to the recipient or to describe what the check is for. For instance, you could write â€Å"July rent,† â€Å"Happy Birthday,† â€Å"IOU,† or â€Å"Laser tag.† If your recipient is getting several checks from you or other people, then it may be useful to fill out this memo line to make sure your check doesn’t get mixed up. Step 6: Sign It! Finally, once you’ve filled out the date, recipient, amount of money in numbers and words, and optional memo, you’ll sign your name! A signature is essential, as the check can’t be cashed or deposited if it’s not signed. Once you’ve completed these six steps, you’re all done! Your check is filled out and ready to go. After filling out all of the other essential information, Loretta signed her full name. Now the check is ready for Archibald. Besides knowing how to write a check, there's one other step you should take before sending off your check. Read on for one extra tip about check writing. Extra Tip: Write Down the Check Number Before sending off your check to your friend, landlord, laser tag partner, health insurance company, or whoever the recipient may be, you should take one additional step: write down the check number. Every check has its own number to help you keep track of it. As you can see on Archibald’s check, the check number can typically be found twice on the check, on the top right and bottom right corners. Recording the check number helps you keep track of which check you’re using in case it gets lost or you need to cancel it. Canceling a check costs between $15 and $36 depending on your bank, but it could be worth it if you’re worried about the check falling into the wrong hands. You may also want to cancel the check if you don’t have enough money in your account, depending on your bank’s overdraft fees. Usually, banks charge an overdraft fee between $20 and $40 if a check bounces. If you have overdraft protection, then your bank will cover the cost of the check, but this coverage will be a loan with interest, plus you may have to pay an additional fee. You'll have to compare your bank's overdraft fee with its cancellation fee to decide if the check is worth canceling. If you’re worried about a check bouncing, try to tell the recipient to wait to deposit until you’re sure you have enough money in your account. Writing down the check number is a smart move just in case you need to cancel your check or order new ones. When you order from a third party, like Costco, you need to know the number of your last check so your next group of checks can start with the following number. Loretta Checkworth, of course, recorded her check number before she paid back Archibald Squiggles for their laser tag weekend getaway. Archibald recently deposited Loretta’s check into his bank account, so there’s no longer a debt between them. While Loretta’s an old pro when it comes to check writing, what should you remember as you fill out your own personal checks? Remember to record the check number in case your check gets lost in transit... How to Write a Check: Key Takeaways Filling out a check is no great mystery. You just need a small amount of information, namely the name of the recipient, the amount of money, and the date on which they can cash or deposit the check. If you’re unsure about writing numerical values out in words, perhaps practice on another piece of paper first, so you don’t end up wasting a check. Before sending out your check, record the check number, just in case you need to cancel it. Knowing how to fill out a check a useful skill that anyone with a checking account should have. Next time you need to send a check for rent, a bill, or a gift, you can feel confident that your money transfer will go through.

The subject of kingship wrote Macbeth in 1605/6 Essay Example for Free (#16056)

The subject of kingship wrote Macbeth in 1605/6 Essay ? William Shakespeare who had already written numerous plays on the subject of kingship wrote Macbeth in 1605/6. This play is a tragedy, much like that of Hamlet, which depicts the murder of a King and all the consequences that follow such a crime. This play was performed before King James VI of Scotland, I of Great Britain, who came to the English throne in 1603. There are all sorts of issues that can be drawn from this fact such as, King James had a fascination with witchcraft, which suggests that Macbeth might have been centred around witches to please the King. Shakespeare spent a lot of his time writing about Kings, especially English ones. The quotation is from Act IV, iii where Malcolm, son of Duncan, is testing Macduff to see whether he is a traitor or not and then, once it is established that Macduff is on Malcolm’s side, they start to plan how they are going to fight Macbeth. The quotation is a list of qualities that Malcolm says a King should have. Then he goes on to say that he has none of these qualities, but this is all part of the trickery he is playing on Macduff. Malcolm knows that Macduff is truthful to him because Malcolm says that he would not have one tyrant, Macbeth, replaced with another, Malcolm, which shows that Macduff is loyal to Scotland, therefore Malcolm, the rightful King, and not Macbeth. No, not to live! O nation miserable, With an untitled tyrant† (Act IV, iii, 103-105) This is the quotation with which Macduff proves to Malcolm his loyalty to him and not Macbeth. Our first encounter with a King in Macbeth is Duncan. The scene is that of a battlefield and the King is directed towards the Captain who is asked to give a report of the victory. The Captain does so and tells the King of the bravery and valour that Macbeth had shown. â€Å"For brave Macbeth – well he deserves that name† (Act I, i, 16) Duncan then proceeds to give the title of Thane of Cawdor to Macbeth after the previous Thane had died during battle. This shows bounty in Duncan because he is giving out a reward to the correct man seeming as Macbeth had fought well in the fight and deserved the reward. Duncan also shows devotion to his people in this scene. At the end of the scene after the Captain had finished his report, because he was injured, Duncan tells his attendants to go and find medical help for the Captain. â€Å"They smack of honour both. Go get him surgeons.† (Act I, i, 45) Another show of this devotion comes at the end of Act I, iv where he is commending Banquo. â€Å"True, worthy Banquo; he is full so valiant, It is a banquet to me. Let’s after him Whose care is gone before to bid us welcome. It is a peerless kinsman.† (Act I, iv, 55-59) Duncan also has temperance and stableness as he never loses his temper and stays level-headed throughout the time he is on stage. He does not get angry and in a production that I saw at my school of Macbeth, Duncan was played as a calm, collected individual who took everything slow and who stayed stable throughout his performance. Also Duncan was played as a blind man, which was not an original idea, and there are uses of language throughout scenes with Duncan that see him refer to other senses such as the following: â€Å"This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself Unto our gentle senses.† (Act I,vi, 1-3) There are also language points in the speeches that Duncan has that suggest he is blind too such as the following quotation: Conduct me to mine host. We love him highly, And shall continue ours graces towards him. By your leave, hostess.† (Act I, vi, 28-31) The language used in the first line of this quotation suggests that Duncan cannot walk alone and needs a guide to take him. In the performance I saw there was always somebody by his side guiding him places because he was being played as a blind man. There is another reference to Duncan’s blindness, â€Å"Who comes here?† (Act I, ii, 46). If Duncan was in fact blind, then he would be level-headed because I could guess that having one less sense has a considerable impact on how someone behaves. Duncan has these qualities: devotion, temperance, stableness and bounty, which suggests that Macbeth does support the claim by Malcolm because Duncan has a selection of the qualities suggested by Malcolm. Macbeth and Malcolm himself have other qualities that Malcolm suggests a King should have, which I will show later on in this essay. Duncan also seems to have the support and general feeling of his people, which would warrant him to be a good King. This is because if the people like a King then he is probably doing the right things that the general population want him to be doing. Therefore, for the people to like him, he must be acting correctly and not be doing things that would not appeal to the general consensus of the people. There is a suggestion of this in the play when Duncan meets Lady Macbeth he makes a little joke about the social problems that he faces being a King: The love that follows us sometime is our trouble, Which still we thank as love. Herein I teach you How you shall bid God ‘ield us for your pains, And thank us for your trouble. (Act I, vi, 10-14) This speech by Duncan is based around the ancient customs of a guest asking something of their guest and then saying that they do not want to trouble them and then the host saying that it is their pleasure. By saying that his people’s love is sometimes his â€Å"trouble,† Duncan is saying that his loving people go to a great deal of trouble for him, and he is troubled by the fact that they take all that trouble. Nevertheless, when people take trouble for him, he knows that they do it because they love their king, so he thanks them for their love. Next, referring to himself royally as â€Å"us,† Duncan jokingly tells Lady Macbeth that he is saying all of this so that, instead of him thanking her for taking trouble, she will thank God and him for giving her trouble. In Machiavellian terms, a good King is one that guarantees the happiness of his people even if he himself is a murdering swine, for example. Also Machiavelli said that a King does not have to have all of the qualities laid out in the quotation. Therefore, Macbeth denies the claim because being a Machiavellian King is not included in the claim but it does make a King a good King. Macbeth is the second King that we come across in Macbeth. He comes to the throne only after committing treason by killing the rightful King in the first place, Duncan. His relationship with Lady Macbeth changes throughout the play. At first it is Lady Macbeth who is evil and persuades Macbeth to murder Duncan, but slowly as the play develops these roles reverse and Macbeth becomes the evil one killing a lot of people and Lady Macbeth becoming cowardly. Macbeth does not seem to have verity because he lies about things that he has done. The first sign of this is in Act II, ii where Macbeth goes along with Lady Macbeth’s plan of going back to their chambers and putting on their night gowns to lie about whether they had been asleep or not when everyone wakes up to find Duncan has been murdered. He lies several times in Act II but one stands out spectacularly, which is (Act II, iii, 105-15). This quotation shows Macbeth lying about his feelings and how he killed the guards in his anger. Macbeth is not at all temperate or stable either. He has momentary lapses into madness where he sees apparitions. Macbeth discovers that the ghost of Banquo is only visible to him and not the others: Why, what care I if thou canst nod! Speak, too! If charnel-houses and our graves must send Those that we bury, back, our monuments Shall be the maws of kites† (Act III, iv, 67-72) The language used by Macbeth suggests the erratic behaviour that Macbeth demonstrates at this point in the play. Macbeth is saying that if all that we bury return from the grave then we will have to feed their remains to birds of prey to eat. Macbeth does not have the qualities, stableness and temperance because Macbeth constantly goes into fits of madness, therefore, extreme personality levels, which is not what a stable and temperate person does, they stay level-headed. Macbeth does not either have mercy. This is obvious because Macbeth kills a lot of people in cold blood simply for his own self-good. Another sign of Macbeth having no mercy is when he kills the entire household of Macduff even though he only wants Macduff dead for being a traitor to him. Macbeth knows Macduff is a traitor because he ran away to England and did not come to the dining of all the Lords in the Kingdom. He tells Lady Macbeth of his spy in Macduff’s household, and in the same speech gives Lady Macbeth the impression that he will have Macduff’s family murdered: â€Å"I hear it by the way. But I will send. There’s not one of them, but in his house I keep a servant fee’d.† (Act III, iv, 129-131) The last line of this quotation shows us that he bribes a servant to spy on Macduff’s house. And further on in this speech Macbeth gives the reference of murdering Macduff’s family: Stepped in so far, that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as to go’er† (Act III, iv, 134-137) Macbeth also murders Young Seyward in battle, which also shows Macbeth’s lack of mercy. Even if Macbeth kills Young Seyward in battle, Macbeth is still killing a child, which does not show mercy. Macbeth not having any of these qualities, verity, temperance, stableness or mercy, denies the claim of Malcolm’s that a King should have the virtues listed in the extract. Macbeth, on the other hand, does have lowliness. His attitude does change throughout the play from good to evil and it is when he is acting as a good person that he has lowliness. He admits that he is wrong several times after he kills Duncan: How is’t with me when every noise appals me? What hands are here! Ha-they pluck out mine eyes! Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red.† (Act II, ii, 57-63) Macbeth says that his hands are stained with the blood of Duncan, but what he really means is that Macbeth is now stained with the murder of Duncan and he will never be able to wash it from him even with all of God’s will and forgiveness. This reference to â€Å"Neptune’s ocean† actually refers to God but it was thought that God should not be spoken at the time this play was written. Macbeth has devotion in some respects but not in others. He does not have devotion to his country, which is what he should have, but he does have to his wife and to himself. At the beginning of the play Macbeth, however, is devoted to his King and country it seems because he fights and risks his life for them. For his bravery he was awarded Thane of Cawdor by Duncan. Macbeth then becomes a tyrant under the influence of his evil wife. Macbeth kills Duncan and this sets off a chain of events that leads to Macbeth, at the end of the play, being devoted only to himself and to his wife and not to his country, even though he is in command of it. This shows that a person can change and, therefore, maybe develop the qualities needed to be a King, some of which are shown in the quotation from Malcolm. Macbeth in Act III shows perseverance. This is when he says: Stepped in so far, that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go’er.† (Act III, iv, 135-137) Macbeth is saying that he has already killed a large number of people, he might as well kill a few more because if he stops then people will find out he has been murdering and he will be killed. This shows Macbeth persevering to try to get away from the trouble that he is in, although it is not a very good way of doing it. Macbeth has, lowliness, devotion (in some ways and times) and perseverance. Having these merits supports Malcolm’s claim that a King should have the virtues stated in the extract. In Machiavellian terms Macbeth is not a good King at all because he does not satisfy the greater happiness of the greater number. This is illustrated by everyone in Scotland, by the end of the play, turning against Macbeth and disliking him when Ross says what he does in Act IV, iii, 164-173). The third King in the play is Malcolm. The audience do not see him rule Scotland for very long but there is still a lot of information in Act IV, iii about Malcolm that we, the audience, can extract and analyse. Malcolm comes to the throne of Scotland by turning the grief of Macduff’s into anger so that he could kill Macbeth for Malcolm because Malcolm knew that Macduff was the only man who could kill Macbeth, as he was not born of woman, like the witches told Macbeth. The following lines spoken by Malcolm show this: Let’s make us medicines of our great revenge To cure this deadly grief† (Act IV, iii, 213-215) Malcolm’s first lines in this scene show him as very cowardly and do not give a very good impression of him at first glance. â€Å"Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there Weep our sad bosoms empty.† (Act VI, iii, 1-2) One gets the impression from the phrases, â€Å"desolate shade† and â€Å"Weep our sad bosoms empty† that Malcolm just wants to hide from all the bad things and cry. This is not what a brave man should be doing. Malcolm should be a strong King who would want to fight: Macduff’s first lines are what he should be saying: Hold fast the mortal sword: and like good men Bestride our down-fallen birthdom.† (Act VI, iii, 3-5) By this Malcolm does not seem to be a very courageous King but, as the audience and with the benefit of hindsight because I have read and seen the play, I know that Malcolm is much more of a strategist than a soldier. This shows that Malcolm does not have fortitude because he cannot fight but it does show that Malcolm has intelligence. This means that a King should have intelligence so it denies the claim he makes. Malcolm also has patience because he bides his time with Macduff to make sure that he is dealing with someone loyal to him. This again shows his intelligence and strategic mind as he plays a game with Macduff by saying he would make a bad King and that a King should have the comments made in the claim and that he has none of them. He then knows that if Macduff said, â€Å"don’t worry you should still be king†, then Malcolm knows that Macduff is a traitor to him; whereas if Macduff says, â€Å"fine if you are that bad then do not be King†, Malcolm knows that Macduff is loyal to Scotland, therefore him, because it demonstrates that Macduff does not want to replace one tyrant with another. This takes a lot of time and Malcolm has the patience to do this. The uncovering of Malcolm’s plan is in Act IV, iii, 100-138. Justice is also a quality that Malcolm possesses because he is looks and wants to solve the problems in Scotland, under the leadership of Macbeth. â€Å"But Macbeth is† (Act IV, iii, 17-18) These two lines show that Malcolm knows Macbeth is a bad person and ruler and therefore he wants to bring justice to Scotland by bringing Macbeth down. This quality supports the claim. Malcolm, at the end of the play, says: Henceforth be earls, the first Scotland In such an honour named.† Act V, vi, 101-103) This shows bounty in Malcolm because he rewards all of his loyal people, who helped him defeat Macbeth, the right to be called earls. Malcolm rewards the right people in this case just like Duncan does to Macbeth at the beginning of the play. Malcolm also shows devotion from Act IV on. He shows devotion to his country, Scotland, by wanting to save it from the rule of a tyrant, Macbeth. The evidence is the quotation, Act IV, iii, 115-137). Malcolm gathers up an English army and spends a lot of time testing Macduff all to save Scotland from Macbeth’s murderous terror. Malcolm by having, devotion, bounty, patience and justice, supports the claim that Malcolm himself says in Act IV because he becomes King and he has some of the qualities that he mentions. He could also have temperance and stableness but there is some evidence to suggest that he gets a little mad towards the end of Act IV, iii: â€Å"Be this the whetstone of your sword; let grief Convert to anger; blunt not the heart, enrage it.† (Act IV, iii, 227-228) â€Å"Enrage it,† suggests that Malcolm is getting angry so that when he comes to fight he can let that anger go and perform well. Malcolm also has intelligence, which in my opinion, is also a quality that no King should be without. I think this because if the leader of the country does not possess intelligence then he will most probably not know how to rule the country and therefore, be a bad King who, in Machiavellian terms, will not provide the greater happiness of the greater number in his Kingdom. This denies the claim that a King should only have these qualities because intelligence, in my opinion, should be the most important merit. In a few of Shakespeare’s plays there is a good, rightful saint-like King, who is no good at ruling. This is the same as Edward the Confessor, who was seen as the holiest of Kings that could heal people’s illnesses by simply touching them, but who ruined his Kingship by bringing his dynasty to the ground. Edward is held up, in Macbeth, as a figure for comparison. Being a holy King is a good thing but the King must be able to find a dynasty and rule his people to guarantee their greater happiness. In that way, Edward is a really holy and religious King, which is a good thing to be, as well as others, but this quality is not on the list. The following is a quotation from Macbeth that gives a direct reference to Edward, King of England at the time. â€Å"There are a crew of wretched souls That stay his cure. Their maladies convinces The great assay of art; but at his touch, Such sanctity hath heaven given his hand, They presently amend.† (Act IV, iii, 141-145) In this way, Macbeth demonstrates to the audience that it is good to be a holy King, along with other merits, but this quality is not on the list so it shows that Macbeth is denying the claim because there are other qualities that a King should have other than those that Malcolm states. Using all of this analysis of the play, Macbeth, I can come to the conclusion that Macbeth denies the claim made by Malcolm. Malcolm says, in this quotation, that a King should have the qualities that he lists. The Kings in Macbeth do have all of the qualities he lists between them but they also have other qualities that are important to being a King and there are also other qualities that the Kings do not have and that aren’t listed that I think a king should have, such as intelligence and being religious. Some people might say that because the Kings in Macbeth do have the qualities described in the extract that Macbeth supports the claim. This is, however, wrong in my opinion because the Kings, in Macbeth, have other qualities that a suitable King should have that need to be thought of in answering this question and, as I have said, there are other virtues a King should have to rule a kingdom. Macbeth, William Shakespeare, ed. G.K. Hunter, Penguin, 1967 The subject of kingship wrote Macbeth in 1605/6. (2017, Oct 21).

Variation of Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Variation of Contract - Essay Example This is the command of the doctrine of consideration. Thus courts sometimes apparently are prepared to take up consideration instead of questioning its needs.1 Exchange thus makes up the terra cognita of contractual responsibilities. Presented promises are often passed on to the private sphere of influence2. Their breach is made good with only a moral sanction. But in the laws of employment immediately post decision of Taylor v Secretary of State for Scotland,3 this conventional dissimilarity is under stress.4 With regard to Re Selectmove [1995] 1 WLR 474 the case was for payment of a debt which the company Selectmove owed to the crown. In order to escape payment of the debt the company was wound up. The question to be discussed is whether the debt was a disputed one or not For this the law of estoppel has to be understood. "Where by his words or conduct one party to a transaction makes to the other a clear and unequivocal promise or assurance which is intended to affect the legal relations between them (whether contractual or otherwise), or was reasonably understood by the other party to have that effect, and, before it is withdrawn, the other party acts upon it, altering his or her position so that it would be inequitable to permit the first party to withdraw the promise, the party making the promise or assurance will not be permi... Meanwhile the other party will most likely continue with the performance of the contract.When there is a counter offer then silence on the part of the creative offeror will not normally form an acceptance. But it will be considered as an acceptance in case of an offer without time limit. It may be construed as acceptance if the original offeror had objected to some of the extra terms which the counter offer may contain. In cases of ambiguous offer where the offeree communicates to the offeror about his understanding of the offer then such a communication will almost certainly result in a counter-offer. Under such circumstances silence will make up acceptance on the part of the offeror6. Some of the recent cases manifest the dampening, or elimination, of a quiet a lot of the uncertain philosophies or maxims which have conventionally confined the functioning of the doctrines of estoppel. This has actually limited an open challenge to the importance of the agreement meant to produce legal relations and confirmed by circumstance as the means of imposing promissory responsibilities. In Walton's Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher,7 the majority8 in the High Court agreed that Maher, a constructor, who was negotiating a contract with the appellant, Walton's. Under the agreement it was decided that Maher would destroy buildings on the ground which he possessed and then build and rent to Walton's a building to its stipulation. This brought reliance on the doctrine of promissory estoppel when Maher destroyed the old buildings accepting that a contract between the parties would be arrived at.9 The majority were not stressed by the alleged convention that such rules of evidence do not find a reason for action, or by the obligation of

Will a global society and economy still need a dominant, Essay

Will a global society and economy still need a dominant, professionally-run global press Describe what it would look like or what would replace it. Consider what its role and influence would be - Essay Example Due to technological revolution, there has been a fast development of the digital communication through the global press (Flew, 2007). For capitalists, they argue that the human races is entering the golden age where all that people would need to do is to sit back and let the markets and technology do the shopping for them. This is because the global press industry is changing quite fast and hence a demand for instant coverage and the need to decrease the budgets with the sole objective of releasing ethical news. With all eyes on globalization, change in technology and ethical transmission of news with emphasis on deadline ethics, professionally run global media will change how individuals think with the contemporary society (Flew, 2007). Whereas previously the media system were primarily remote, in the past few years we have witnessed the growth of the professionally run global press with two distinct but related facets. This is because professionally run global press is cutting across the world by facilitating faster cross cutting of the world through technology. This is to aid the firms in the global economy to capitalize on the potential of growth abroad without being impacted by flurry competitors given that the local economies already is saturated with incremental expansion. The other facet is that the consolidations and convergence all depend about the day given that some of the global media houses are increasingly becoming concentrated. This is because the major players in the media industry are majorly branches of the global media conglomerates due to the onset of mergers and acquisitions (SHERMAN, (2002, October 2). It is a fact that the global American media leaves many gaps to be desired whether you want news about the media, the war on terrorism, global trade or simply general information and the understanding of the majority of the world’s population who are non-Americans. This has made the reporting of news difficult due to the

Care Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Care Plan - Assignment Example The patient is currently receiving treatment on these and has suffered bouts of pain. The treatment received by the patient relates to hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and gout. Hypercholesterolemia according to research is a condition that comes because of autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia gene attached to the chromosomes of a human being undergoing mutations (Ashton, 2012). The fact that the patient admits to alcoholism contributes to the factors that could complicate the medication process and the side effects of the medicines. Based on the above, the symptoms are being treated and the diagnosis received treated as per the earlier prescriptions made by the doctors. The diagnostic test carried out included the following specimen: comprehensive Metabolic Panel, Cardiac Enzymes, and urinalysis, CT scan around the abdomen, chest x-ray esophagastroduodenoscopy, serum, urea breath test and fecal antigen test. These aimed at analyzing the parent to identify the state of their health over the previous condition. According to the patient, some aspects required education to enlighten them on how to go about their condition to supplement treatment. The education aspects aim at improving the chances of successful treatment through compliance of the medication. The education will include the aspects of diet modification that would include reduced purine content in foods. Based on the nutritional studies present, the body produces its own purines and the addition of the content in foods could affect the patients treatment program (Zacas & Wolinsky, 2004). The reduction in these purine rich foods will help the patient with the control of gout symptoms and the blood pressure levels registered. The patient will also require training or education in the reduction or control of stress levels to avoid increasing the effects of stress on the medications and treatment plan. Other educational aspects encouraged

5.1 Identify the interested parties and 5.2 Identify the need of the Essay

5.1 Identify the interested parties and 5.2 Identify the need of the interested parties - Essay Example The construction company will require the services of workers who will mostly come from Plymouth and its surroundings. With the availability of building materials and enough labour, the casino will be completed in time (Fewings 2013). The local community will play a critical role in the process of building the casino. Firstly, it is the local community that gives consent for the construction of the casino. The community must first know that the facility will help the local economy in order for it to get a go ahead. There is a lot of labour work that is involved in the construction of the facility. The local community will provide the much-needed labor skills for the completion of the casino. Once the casino is completed, a huge percentage of employees will come from the neighbourhood. The local community is the most interested party in the construction of the facility. Many people visit casinos for various purposes. Where, traditionally, there is entertainment, people will most often enjoy their favourite drinks and food. Food and drink suppliers will be a crucial party after the building of the casino. Depending on the population of the casino, at any given time, suppliers will have to supply food and drinks occasionally. Drinks such as soft drinks and beer will be much needed because the customers will enjoy them as they follow their favourite activities. Since a majority of the people will spend most of their time in the casino, a lot of food will be needed to keep them replenished instead of them going outside and look for food. Every business requires investors who can pump in financial resources. Several business activities can be carried out inside the casino and can contribute to additional revenue. Finances from investors are very much needed to ensure that the casino will live to its expectation and help all the interested parties. Investors help to employee the locals who may be unemployed, but having

Illegal domestic workers and their legal options Essay

Illegal domestic workers and their legal options - Essay Example Undocumented workers and their plight. Undocumented workers are increasingly subjected to a variety of injustices. Included in this is the fact that the undocumented worker pays into social security and medicare, yet does not receive the benefits from these programs. According to Porter (2005), undocumented workers pay a variety of payroll taxes which contribute to the overall solvency of both the medicare and the social security benefits, but, since they are undocumented, they are not entitled to collect these benefits. One of the reasons why they contribute, yet cannot collect, is that they get a fake social security number, therefore the employer must withhold payroll taxes for these workers. However, since they have a fake social security number, they cannot collect these benefits. Moreover, Porter (2005) states that, even if these workers were aware of what their employers withhold from them, many of them are not aware of the reasons why these wages are withheld. ... This means that an illegal alien with the same education, work experience and language proficiency as a documented worker will make 22% less than that documented worker, if the worker is a male, and 36% less if the worker is a female. Moreover, Mehta (2002) found that the undocumented workers in his study are more liable to work in unsafe conditions than the documented workers in his study, and that the undocumented workers were less likely to have health insurance. Moreover, these workers also do not have access to medicare or medicaid, therefore they do not, by and large, have access to health care at all. As far as unsafe conditions go, undocumented workers are more likely to report that they operate machinery without proper training. They are also more likely, according to Mehta (2002), to report that they are working in unsanitary conditions, therefore they are more likely to get sick because they are working in these conditions. Mehta (2002) also states that undocumented worker s are more likely to slip and fall on the job. And, if these undocumented workers do get hurt on the job, they are less likely to obtain worker’s compensation benefits, and, even if they apply for worker’s compensation benefits, they are less likely, than documented workers, to actually obtain these benefits. Lee (2010) states that illegal immigrants are also the target of discriminatory laws. He cites federal laws which state that illegal immigrants cannot access federal benefits, and state laws which states that illegal immigrants cannot access public schooling, either secondary, elementary or post-secondary. There was even a law in Texas, pending, which states that the children of undocumented individuals in

Care Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Care Plan - Assignment Example The patient is currently receiving treatment on these and has suffered bouts of pain. The treatment received by the patient relates to hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and gout. Hypercholesterolemia according to research is a condition that comes because of autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia gene attached to the chromosomes of a human being undergoing mutations (Ashton, 2012). The fact that the patient admits to alcoholism contributes to the factors that could complicate the medication process and the side effects of the medicines. Based on the above, the symptoms are being treated and the diagnosis received treated as per the earlier prescriptions made by the doctors. The diagnostic test carried out included the following specimen: comprehensive Metabolic Panel, Cardiac Enzymes, and urinalysis, CT scan around the abdomen, chest x-ray esophagastroduodenoscopy, serum, urea breath test and fecal antigen test. These aimed at analyzing the parent to identify the state of their health over the previous condition. According to the patient, some aspects required education to enlighten them on how to go about their condition to supplement treatment. The education aspects aim at improving the chances of successful treatment through compliance of the medication. The education will include the aspects of diet modification that would include reduced purine content in foods. Based on the nutritional studies present, the body produces its own purines and the addition of the content in foods could affect the patients treatment program (Zacas & Wolinsky, 2004). The reduction in these purine rich foods will help the patient with the control of gout symptoms and the blood pressure levels registered. The patient will also require training or education in the reduction or control of stress levels to avoid increasing the effects of stress on the medications and treatment plan. Other educational aspects encouraged

Illegal domestic workers and their legal options Essay

Illegal domestic workers and their legal options - Essay Example Undocumented workers and their plight. Undocumented workers are increasingly subjected to a variety of injustices. Included in this is the fact that the undocumented worker pays into social security and medicare, yet does not receive the benefits from these programs. According to Porter (2005), undocumented workers pay a variety of payroll taxes which contribute to the overall solvency of both the medicare and the social security benefits, but, since they are undocumented, they are not entitled to collect these benefits. One of the reasons why they contribute, yet cannot collect, is that they get a fake social security number, therefore the employer must withhold payroll taxes for these workers. However, since they have a fake social security number, they cannot collect these benefits. Moreover, Porter (2005) states that, even if these workers were aware of what their employers withhold from them, many of them are not aware of the reasons why these wages are withheld. ... This means that an illegal alien with the same education, work experience and language proficiency as a documented worker will make 22% less than that documented worker, if the worker is a male, and 36% less if the worker is a female. Moreover, Mehta (2002) found that the undocumented workers in his study are more liable to work in unsafe conditions than the documented workers in his study, and that the undocumented workers were less likely to have health insurance. Moreover, these workers also do not have access to medicare or medicaid, therefore they do not, by and large, have access to health care at all. As far as unsafe conditions go, undocumented workers are more likely to report that they operate machinery without proper training. They are also more likely, according to Mehta (2002), to report that they are working in unsanitary conditions, therefore they are more likely to get sick because they are working in these conditions. Mehta (2002) also states that undocumented worker s are more likely to slip and fall on the job. And, if these undocumented workers do get hurt on the job, they are less likely to obtain worker’s compensation benefits, and, even if they apply for worker’s compensation benefits, they are less likely, than documented workers, to actually obtain these benefits. Lee (2010) states that illegal immigrants are also the target of discriminatory laws. He cites federal laws which state that illegal immigrants cannot access federal benefits, and state laws which states that illegal immigrants cannot access public schooling, either secondary, elementary or post-secondary. There was even a law in Texas, pending, which states that the children of undocumented individuals in

Ethical theories Essay Example for Free

Ethical theories Essay There are five types of ethical theories: 1. Teleological theory of ethics 2. Deontological theory 3. Virtue ethics 4. Justice as fairness 5. Feminism The teleological theory examines the consequences in terms of pleasure and pain, which is termed as â€Å"Utilitarianism†. According to this theory, our obligation in any situation is to perform that action which will produce the greatest amount of good over evil. Under this theory, the ethical virtues such as being honest or not lying are not obligatory. Utilitarian morality compels you to do only those particular acts which bring out good results only. For instance, consider a situation where telling the truth can break someone’s heart or hurt his/her feelings then in the light of this theory, lying is better than honesty. One of the fundamental characteristics of utilitarianism is universalism which talks about the pleasure of everyone, rather than benefitting your own self only. The two versions of utilitarianism have evolved from these conditions, act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism. The two great philosophers, Jeremy Bentham and Stuart Mill presented their views in the light of this theory. Bentham proposed the act-utilitarianism theory and said: â€Å"An action is right if it produces greatest amount of pleasure over pain for everyone† However, this statement was greatly opposed by many critics since they termed it as a â€Å"pig philosophy†. Critics complained that pleasure alone can not constitute the good for human beings because even pigs are capable of attaining pleasure from their own bodies so it would be better to live the life of a satisfied pig rather than being a dissatisfied human being such as Socrates. Seeing these objections, Stuart Mill supported the utilitarianism gave the idea of act-utilitarianism by giving his view that an action is right if it produces greatest amount of pleasure over pain by following certain moral rules. Mill said that a person should go for qualitative pleasure rather than quantitative pleasure. Mill also defended the accusation of pig philosophy on Bentham by giving his views that human beings are able to enjoy the higher levels of pleasure than swine. Human beings can pursuit pleasure in the form of intellectual arts and other such activities. Hence, Mill categorized pleasure in higher and lower forms of pleasure. Rule-utilitarianism emphasized tremendously on morality and social obligations, which in fact, are the problems of all teleological theories. Concluding the discussion now, the best theory is the rule-utilitarianism as compared to act-utilitarianism theory because one does not need to calculate the amount of pleasure and pain before performing any deed. Instead, it provides the basic grounds of morality and goodness for doing any action.

A Critical Reading Of Allen Ginsbergs Howl English Literature Essay

A Critical Reading Of Allen Ginsbergs Howl English Literature Essay The Beat movement is a literary and social movement, which came about in the 1950s, at the end of the Second World War. The movement centred on a group of writers who isolated themselves from social conventions in a bid to gain freedom in their artistic expression and their lives. The Beat writer s incorporated various elements of jazz, religion, art, literature, and philosophy, into their works in order to create and prophesise a new vision for society. They were one of the first literary groups to focus intently on the corruption of society and move to dethatch themselves from the restrictions of traditional prose. This enabled them to become aware of the beauty of creativity and the individual and embrace freedom and spontaneity in their expression. The main writers of the Beat movement were Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William S. Burroughs, whom not only invented an innovative style of literature, but also encouraged people to become more aware of the social constrictions of the 1950s through their literary works. Allen Ginsberg (1926-1997) is frequently regarded as the poet laureate of the Beat movement. Howl , written in 1955, has been subject to both praise and criticism as a one of the main works that shaped the Beat generation . Howl was first performed by Ginsberg at a poetry reading event at the Six Gallery in San Francisco in October 1955. Several well-known East-coast writers attended the event, as well as Kerouac who is said to have beat a wine jug and shout Go! after each line of Ginsberg s Howl recital. Ginsberg s passionate and unreserved reading of the poem left Ginsberg and other in tears. The poem was accepted as one that broke the boundaries of tradition form and it led to Ginsberg becoming established as an important voice in the Beat movement. A year later, in October 1956, the poem was published within Howl and Other Poems by City Lights Books. It then became the focus of an obscenity trail against its publisher, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, which highlighted San Francisco as the leader of a revolution against the censorship of literary publishing in America and ensured Howl and Other Poems wide readership. Jazz was a very important to Ginsberg and Kerouac as it was the quintessence of their lifestyle in the mid-1940s and early 1950s when they used to frequent jazz clubs in Harlem to hear their favourite jazz musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. Ginsberg s poetic style was inspired by poets such as Whitman, Blake, and Rimbaud but also the rhythmic technique of bebop jazz. The word beat can be clearly associated with the poem Howl from a musical context due to the major influence of jazz on the Beat writers and a key element to their form of expression. During the early and mid-twentieth century, the dominated white middle class saw jazz, an African-American style of music, as unacceptable and seedy. However, the Beat writers were able to identify with the African-American community as they too were outcast from respectable society. In Howl , a bleak observation of modern American society is made by Ginsberg, through his highlighting of the hardship of those oppressed by society, such as the Negroes and the hipsters . The music of these minor communities is jazz, a music form which Ginsberg reveres, which can be seen when he refers to: the madman bum and angel beat in Time, unknown, yet putting down here what might be left to say in time come after death, and rose reincarnate in the ghostly clothes of jazz (67, 34). Jazz has also influenced Howl in relation to the rhythm and beat. In a bid to reject traditional form poetry, Ginsberg experimented with a method comparable to Kerouac s spontaneous stream of consciousness writing style, which was based on jazz. In writing Howl , Ginsberg used a poetic writing style which was intended to flow to a syncopated beat similar to jazz, enabling the lines of the poem to be read aloud at a shifting and improvisational tempo. The verses of the poem are therefore free form, comprising of long lines and a rhythm to match the natural breath. Ginsberg described his poem Howl to be, a jazz mass, I mean conception of rhythm not derives from jazz directly but if you listen to jazz you get the idea (). The social context of the word beat in relation to Howl is significant as regards our understanding of Ginsberg s message in the poem. Sometimes likened to the Lost Generation of the 1920s, the Beat generation was both a literary movement and a wider cultural frame of mind. The Beat writer s rejected the ideas of conformity and normality of their time and instead displayed openness to the experiences that were available outside of the confines of white middle class America. The Beat generation were rebelling against a dominant society which was desperately encouraging planned order as a reaction to the ending of WWII. The Beats strived for a deeply intellectual, spontaneous, chaotic, Dionysian way of life in order to break free of these social constraints. Howl is Ginsberg s social and political criticism of what he saw in the America of his time. The poem both addresses and discusses an audience of comprised of the minor social communities who suffer and fall to madness in dealing with and breaking free of the constraints opposed upon them by a post-war era of American society. Part I of the poem, depicts the desperation experienced by those who felt alienated due to mechanisation and the conformity with which they felt American post-WWII society demanded. The poem communicates a universal yearning to escape from confinement and oppression. Part II of Howl sets out to discover and label the sources of human misery and unhappiness. In utilising the character of Moloch, a Middle Eastern god to whom children were sacrificed by megalomaniac leaders, Ginsberg personifies the causes of social disharmony, which include materialism, government bureaucracy, conformity, and technology. Moloch essentially represents the facets of modern society which demand the costly sacrifice of individual freedom and artistic expression. The third section of Howl , entitled Part III , attempts to weigh the destruction and misery of the previous two sections by means of a personal homage to Carl Solomon, a friend of Ginsberg s. Although Ginsberg stands firm in his belief that certain aspects of American society are to blame for damaging the spirit of a generation, he also expresses an desire to reconcile with his country, which is clearly demonstrated in the line, we hug and kiss the United States under out bedsheets the United States that coughs all night and won t let us sleep (). In the Footnote to Howl , Ginsberg envisions a future of wholeness and integrity through the merging of both society and the individual. It is important to note that the Beat generation did not reject America, but protested against certain aspects of the society which they deemed as oppressive. In Howl , Ginsberg puts forward the idea of a different society, one which includes homosexuality, Negroes , jazz, and drugs as acceptable features of society. The word beat also has a spiritual, beatific significance to the poem Howl , along with the other works of the Beat writers. In Kerouac s article The Origins of the beat Generation , he states that [t]he word beat originally meant poor, down and out, deadbeat, on the bum, sad, sleeping in subways, a term he first heard from Herbert Huncke, but the term then became extended to include a spiritual association, a certain new gesture, or attitude, which I can only describe as a new more (Kerouac 61-62). The poem Howl not only protests against the crippling effect of the social conformity on soul s of the nation, but it is also a tribute to the sanctity of everything regarding the human body and psyche. This spiritual aspect to the beat is present in the previous three parts of the poem. In Howl , Ginsberg describes the best minds (including Carl Solomon and Neal Cassady) as angelheaded hipsters, and therefore providing these societal minorities with a sacredness which is set part from what the dominant society would consider as sacred or holy. In the first two lines of the Footnote to Howl , the word holy is used fifteen times in quick succession, much like a religious chant. Ginsberg uses this device to disrupt the audience from their environment, making them open to understanding the new environment of holiness which he proposes. Ginsberg then begins to identify what he sees as sacred, The skin is holy! The nose is holy! The/tongue and cock and hand and asshole holy! (Howl ). He continues to list jazz as one of these holy things, along with sacred cities such as New York, San Francisco, Paris, Seattle, and Tangiers, which serve as locations that permit the madness of the best minds to create and exist freely. The poem ends on a note of salvation for the human souls which have suffered due to societal oppression and conformity. Ginsberg prophesises that it is through their suffering and intelligent kindness of the soul (Howl 33) that they are made truly holy: Holy forgiveness! Mercy! Charity! Faith! Holy! Ours! Bodies! Suffering! Mag-/nanimity! (Howl 31-32). In conclusion, this examination of Howl and its relationship with the beat , in musical, social, and beatific terms, highlights the poem s ultimate importance to the history of American literature and society. The Beat writers proposed a society, a world, which harboured a new attitude. Collectively, they provided people with an awareness and method to free themselves of an unimaginative, suppressed society by exploring their intellect and experiencing a life worth living. Ginsberg s Howl paved the way for an improved existence of freedom from sexual and creative repression by outlining the struggle Beat generation towards the beatific.

Music And Censorship Essay -- essays research papers

In our society today, some musicians and their music drain and plague the moral and spiritual well-being of the people; therefore, censorship offers a necessary action that we must take to keep the world from becoming a land of decadence. The musicians lives are not examples for the children or the adults. The lyrics of many songs are not suitable for anyone. All types of music need some kind of censorship. Censorship makes a person realize that music is good for the heart. Censorship totally makes people act better, and when thinking better, this sustains a better society. The lives of some musicians contain types of anarchy and self-gratification. Once the musicians realize that people want not just their music but them as well, they act as gods, which no one can touch. For example, think of it like a secret dictatorship, and we breathe as a fascist society, which puts fun and feelings above the Lord, above all. Many of the musicians consist of non-religious people who live only for fun and only for themselves. Why then would we, especially as Christians, put our total devotion in them? It exists like wanting to ride with a blind driver rather than one with perfect vision. In addition many of the musicians use drugs and stimulants to satisfy their hunger for themselves and for pure fun. The musicians tend to use drugs massively, to get out of the very real world that they consist so much a part of. Popularity seems pleasing but when one has the affections and total devotion of a mass of people, that person can not handle it because that person does not have Jesus' personality and only He could truly control that much fidelity. One person who truly could not handle the excitement was Jimi Hendrix. Instead of performing as himself and using his talent for good, he used rebellion and used many drugs. On stage, Jimi Hendrix would put hits of acid in his headband. When he perspired, the sweat, containing acid would run down into his eyes and make him "higher than a kite." Most people never actually saw Jimi Hendrix the person, but a blurred vision of him. When Jimi performed on stage at Woodstock, a man from the crowd asked him, "Jimi are you high?" He simply replied back to the man, "Thanks man I got mine," causing the crowd to act wild almost as if he had saved someone's life, but ironically he uni... ...loud out the Biblical ones. Just like one negative number will make a positive number come down. Censorship offers a better society in general, in which we can all live in harmony and learn to respect music power. People would respect the laws more because there would be a definite decline of ungodly things, acts and thoughts with censorship we won't think on ungodly things as much, therefore have a better society. Fewer crimes would be committed because there would be no musicians telling the public to break them or kill cops. People make musicians their idols and want to do what their idols say. With censorship we would learn to meditate on the right things. We would see the essence of music and learn to see the total spectrum of life rather than just our life. Good thoughts with productive meaning would flow through our heads. We would hear positive things and make us think about positive things in general. Christian music is a great example of what we should listen. People would learn to answer things with their minds and not their fists. People would think about positive ideas and positive outcomes to quarrels, that usually involved fighting or "back-stabbings."

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen Essay -- biographies bio

Wilhelm Conrad RÃâ€"ntgen 1845 - 1923 Wilhelm Conrad RÃ… ¡ntgen is a German physicist who was born on March 27, 1845 at Lennep in Germany. When he was three years old, his family moved to Apeldoorn in The Netherlands, where he attended a boarding school, the Institute of Martinus Herman van Doorn. While he was attending this school, he was very interested in making mechanical devices. This interest of his followed him through the rest of his life. RÃ… ¡ntgen later entered a technical school at Utrecht. In 1872 in Apeldorn, RÃ… ¡ntgen married Anna Bertha Ludwig of ZÃ… ¸rich. They had no children, but in 1887 they adopted a daughter, Josephine Bertha Ludwig, who was the daughter of AnnaÕs only brother. RÃ… ¡ntgen spent most of his years researching physics, thermology, mechanics, and electricity. Although he made some great discoveries in all these fields, his greatest invention was the discovery of a short-wave ray in 1895, which we know now as X-rays. Some other things he studied were the heats of gasses and fluids, the characteristics of quartz, the modification of the planes of polarized light by electromagnetic influences, the variations in the functions of temperature, the compressibility of water and other fluids, and the event of the spreading of oil drops on water. Throughout his life, RÃ… ¡ntgen received many honors. Even though he was well known for his skills, he remained a modest man who never sought honors or money for his research and projects. For instance, he declined various titles and jobs, and donated money to his university that he received from the Nobel Prize. He also refused to take patents on his work, so that the whole world could benefit from his work. Aside from his modesty and generosity, he did accept honors and... ...ays. After RÃ… ¡ntgen discovered X-rays, all fields of medicine were enhanced. Bones and other organs can be seen without surgery, jobs were enhanced, and germs and some types of cancers could be killed. This discovery has great importance to our lives, and has created amazing advances in a variety of fields. An example case that proves the new viewpoint and usage of these X-rays on the human body and medical sciences, was when a few days after Roentgen's initial public announcement of his discoveries, a doctor in America took X-ray photographs of a person with gunshot wounds in his hands. Before RÃ… ¡ntgenÕs discovery, a surgeon would have to locate the shotgun pellets though exploratory surgery, to find and remove them. Now, with the technology of X-rays, an X-ray can be taken and the shotgun pellets would be found without the process of exploratory surgery.

Andrew

Andrew Springiness Module 1 CSS: Information Networking as Technology: Tools, Uses, and Socio- Technical Interactions DIMMIT: Management of Information Systems and Business Strategy Dry. Mary Lind June 17, 2014 Information Overload â€Å"Are organizations likely to find better solutions to information overload through changes to their technical systems or their social systems or both? Why? To answer this question, this paper will discuss the technical and social systems of companies specifically based on review of the articles by Blair, Belling, et al, Green, ND Lie and Ere as well as other information on related data companies such as Amazon and ASS. The context of the paper will aide in the understanding of an ideal way to process the information present in the market and then use it for company benefits.This paper will also review and analyze the importance of info-tsunami in context of specific markers and give specific examples on how data storage and analysis is now the latest trend in the market. Various big data software present in the market and comment on the future trends of the market will be reviewed. Finally, I will propose an answer to the original question posed of what betterment is most important in dealing with information overload social systems, technological systems, or both?History of Data Mining/Sharing In order to truly understand information overload and how to deal with it, we must start by analyzing various aspects of data starting from its history through the current and probable future trends of the market. Today there are zillions of pieces of data in the market growing for over 30% per year bases (Blair, 2010). The roots of the big data come from ancient days when people used to huge manuscripts and biblical resources to pass on the knowledge of present generation to the next one.They not only documented information, but also backed up or made it easier to share that information by creating duplicates of the original work. Peopl e with different philosophies discussed the same issues with a different context and vision to give alternate versions of the existing issues. However, this increase in the amount of information collected led to what may have appeared to be an insurmountable collection that could not be fully read in an acceptable amount of time or never being blew to find specific information, which could be described as an information overload (Blair, 2010).People would have too much information to sift through to find what they needed, which would need to lead to an evolution in that form of data storage such as different note-taking capabilities as well as organization (Blair, 2010). Note- taking capabilities enabled the researchers to organize the structure of different ancient texts and later on printing evolved the structure of writing as indexes and bibliographies became norm for the research papers, which helped people to find he specific information they were looking for or the source of m ore information.Encyclopedias were created to serve as a set of easily accessible and searchable information on a broad amount of topics. Also, the advent of the Dewey Decimal System meant that a lot of general information could be found in a short amount of time. The Dewey Decimal Classification initially sorts information into 10 categories, and then into another 100 sub-categories, giving you 1, 000 specific categories to search (University Library, n. D. ). For example, you could search the ass's forTechnology or Applied Sciences categories and find sub-category (also known as a â€Å"call number†) 621 and search specifically for Applied Physics (University Library, n. D. ). All of these things lead to less of a feeling of information overload as people did not need to spend a lifetime searching for the data that they needed. However, personal collection of information would take up large amounts of space. Fast forward time a millennia or two and you have the advent of el ectronic media, which meant that a galore of information could be stored in a much smaller space.This educed limits of how much information people and organizations could collect. People and organizations could now store a large amount of information onto cassettes, disks, diskettes, compact discs, etc. Rather than in hundreds or thousands of books or written documents. Today, we can carry a flash drive with a program to read electronic books as well as hundreds or thousands of electronic books that is the size off pack of chewing gum. In addition to the space, the information itself was now only a touch away.People no longer needed to use indexes or bibliographies as they could sears for keywords and a computer would help to find he information they were looking for. Computer systems can search through programs, documents, or the world wide web and find information that people are looking for in milliseconds. However, there is now also a feeling that maybe there is too much informa tion accessible through the internet nowadays. We are at a point where there is what appears to be an insurmountable pile of information available on the internet, even when computer systems help us sift through the information.Companies may again have to sift through a lot of minutia in order to get the specific information they need. In another point of view, there were initial concerns regarding the electronic system of storage. There have been many instances where digital data has been hacked or accessed without the consent of the original writer in order to change the information or utilize it for other purposes than it was originally intended. There is also the possibility of data redundancy and the fear of data getting lost of due hardware complications.However, with the advent of more and more advance technologies in data storage and sharing electronic storage, there are greater security and back-up procedures added to hardware and software. This leads to the it is the only feasible medium conceivable in the future. Data Analysis To help understand information overload, data analysis must be defined. According to Russell Kickoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories: data, information, knowledge, understanding, and wisdom (Belling, Castro, & Mills, 2004).According to Belling, et al (2004), the data can be described as symbols; information is â€Å"data that can be processed to be useful† and provides answers to four of the five Was (who, hat, where, and when); knowledge is â€Å"the application of data and information† and answers the question of how; understanding gives an â€Å"appreciation of the question of why'; and wisdom is an elevated level of â€Å"evaluated understanding. † Data is seen as a raw entity which, for the proposes of this research paper, only exists either in digital or in ink.The significance of data is to be present i n any accessible format to the user. Information is the processed data and it is specific to any context to the user. Knowledge is the output gained from that information, essentially by realizing tatters formed by information. Although ultimately wisdom will help with future operations, industry is primarily concerned regarding retrieving knowledge, as this parameter is a tool which is used by the company to either make direct or indirect revenues. Knowledge is the basic building block of data analysis that can be gained directly from computer software.Companies such as MM, Accentuate and other consulting companies are focus teams to exploit knowledge as a parameter to give specific insights for industries and sectors. Understanding is one step ahead of knowledge in which problems are solved in a specific context. Understanding is the point which the reason for the patterns discerned from knowledge can be understood. It is involved in selecting the required information and processi ng it to provide the best solutions for a specific problem or multiple problems.Getting to the understanding phase is difficult with such a superfluous amount of data available to companies. In modern era this process is called Data Analytics or Just Analytics. This is slightly different according to Green (2010) who refers to only four sections of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. The first three sections namely data, information, and knowledge are concepts of past data, but wisdom is a future analysis and vision concept. It develops our internal experience which helps in our future decision making.Wisdom is very similar to understanding, with the main difference being that wisdom allows one to predict fracture outcomes based on understanding the reasons behind specific patterns and how changes will affect behaviors of related processes. The first four sections can be represented in a hierarchy and the level of complexity will increase downwards from data to wisdom. In addi tion, the amount of effort and technological resources used will decrease from top to bottom as you require maximum resources to build and maintain data.The advance methods of data capturing tools have been efficient in blurring the lines between information and knowledge as companies are becoming efficient in data analysis. Socio-Technical System According to Lie and Ere (2006), â€Å"the Socio-Technical Systems theory considers that every organization is made up of people (the social system) using tools, techniques and knowledge (the technical system) to produce goods and services that are valued y customers (who are part of the organization's external environment). Essentially, this can be described as the interaction between personnel in an organization, or people in general, with that of technology. People and employees have certain behaviors that may need to be modified along with technology in order to create an optimized process or improve quality of fife. The Socio-Technic al Systems theory also considers the usage of social information and incorporates it into the development of technology to make it more relevant and desired. Amazon's Analytics Concept Data analysis has now become a latest trend in the market.Amazon. Com has become a leader in promoting the analytics-as-a-service concept. They are approaching this as a cloud-enabled business model and not Just an innovation in the industry. It is a great model and will provide as an alternative having better architectural patterns to Justify business priorities. Amazon aims at firms dealing with large amount of data and need flexible infrastructure. Targeted domains in web analytics include gene sequencing, cyber- security, human resource workforce and others.The challenge is to bind data and draw insights without building complex entities and spending years in restoring those entities. Predicting entities infrastructure is yet emerging and the case is not trivial for Amazon. The model is to give fo recast estimations to the companies using their own data which stored with Amazon cloud computing servers. Additionally, Amazon uses data analysis to evaluate data on historical purchases and â€Å"wish-lists† to predict the amount of specific products that will be ordered and need to be shipped to certain locations (Devils, 2014).Amazon can then pre-ship items to hubs in bulk shipments prior to people ordering, which saves in future costs and enables faster shipping services (Devils, 2014). Role of Advance Technology in Data Analysis and Future Trends Technology plays a crucial role for big data analysis as it enables the forecasters to apply the data onto the model and get significant results. With tests such as the Durbin Watson Test, white noise is a small statistical test but needed to implement on all of the data to identify the required useful parameters.There are trillions of megabytes worth of data in companies. So, how are results found using simple tools such as ex cel which, according to Microsoft Office (n. D. ), has a limitation of â€Å"1 ,048,576 rows by 16,384 columns? † Dedicated servers and software's are built and designed specifically for these kinds of requirements. The open source language R is specially built for statistical operations, to extract and interpolate data and can run on multiple operating systems (Wirtschaftuniversitat Wine, n. D. ). A lot of additional software has also come along the way.Some of these include SAPS, ASS, Maintain, Stats, Jump, Mathematical and others. All have their pros and cons but ASS and SAPS are considered two of industry favorites (Munched, 2014). Another technology which is on the rise is Apache Hoodoo. Hoodoo is designed to create a partition in the virtual memory and allows different users to implement the same function on large databases to give the results (The Apache Software Foundation, 2014). It is more of a server application and can be combined and other technologies to get opt imum results.To solve the memory problem these days, companies are shifting to cloud computing as an alternative. Cloud computing is where all the data is saved n the dedicated servers of a third party vendor and not with the company itself. Whenever the data is required it is processed from those servers and for each transaction a certain sum is paid by the company to the third party. Although cloud computing isn't 100% effective all of the time either as several companies have found out in the past decade according to Dan Mariner's (2013).In the next five years, a trend of adaptation of analytics in more and more countries and in different domains can easily be predicted. As of now, pharmaceutical industry has endorsed use of clinical trails led by analytics. Also, the concept of â€Å"Moneybags† has been in used in baseball for several years now. Additionally, credit risk has been managed by these same analytical financial models. All signs for the rising demand of analyti cs in future. Software's like ASS, Hoodoo are here to stay and we will see more data managing software been introduced in the industry.Analytics will act as a backbone of E-commerce industry driving their profits and market share. In the future, big data analysis will not Just be a tool to gain competitive edge but will become a necessity for the survival of the company in highly competitive market. In marry, information and its quest have been long running from the past. Companies are inclined to use as much information possible to enhance their productivity and achieve competitive level in the ever evolving market.The trends of the market suggests that companies are more inclined to use technology and data mining software and there dependency has been shifting from senior officials to software inputs. Still the importance of experience cannot be neglected and companies must make a balance between the two to achieve high growth rates. I believe the priority will focus on improvemen t of the technical system; however, any many that refuses to look at the importance of the social system will continuously see high turnover rates. References Blair, A. (2010) Information Overload, Then and Now.